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💧 Saturated Steam Calculator
Calculate thermodynamic properties of water and steam
Phase State Diagram (T-P)
Properties based on standard IAPWS thermodynamic data for saturated water and steam. Values are interpolated. For critical engineering design, consult official IAPWS-IF97 tables.
Understanding Saturated Steam Properties
Saturated steam is steam that is in equilibrium with liquid water at a given pressure and temperature. Understanding its thermodynamic properties is crucial for designing boilers, heat exchangers, turbines, and HVAC systems. Our free Saturated Steam Calculator provides instant access to key properties like enthalpy and saturation pressure without needing bulky steam tables.
Step-by-Step Instructions
- Known Property: Select whether you know the Temperature (°C) or the Absolute Pressure (bar).
- Enter Value: Input your known value. The valid range is 0°C to 374°C (up to 220 bar).
- Vapor Quality (x): Use the slider to define the state of the mixture. x=0 is 100% liquid water, x=1 is 100% dry saturated steam. Values between 0 and 1 represent "wet steam".
- Check the Diagram: The red dot on the phase diagram shows your exact saturation point on the boiling curve.
Understanding Your Results
- Saturation Temp/Pressure: The exact boiling point at the given pressure, or the vapor pressure at the given temperature.
- Enthalpy Liquid (hf): The energy required to heat 1 kg of water from 0°C to the boiling point (sensible heat).
- Enthalpy of Evaporation (hfg): The latent heat required to turn 1 kg of boiling water into 1 kg of steam without changing temperature.
- Mixture Enthalpy (h): The total energy of your wet steam mixture, calculated as h = hf + (x * hfg).
Frequently Asked Questions
Vapor quality is the mass fraction of vapor in a saturated liquid-vapor mixture. If x = 0.8, the mixture is 80% steam and 20% liquid water by mass. It only applies inside the "saturation dome".
The critical point is at 374.1°C and 220.6 bar. Above this point, distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist; the substance becomes a supercritical fluid. This calculator is valid up to this limit.
hfg represents the latent heat. In heating applications, it's the energy released when steam condenses back into water. This is why steam is such an efficient heat transfer medium.
This calculator uses absolute pressure (bara). If you have gauge pressure (barg), add 1.013 bar (atmospheric pressure) to get the absolute pressure before entering it here.